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Relativistic Kinetic Energy and Momentum A spaceship has a rest mass of 2000 kg and travels at 90.0% of the speed of light. (a) What is the relativistic kinetic energy of the spaceship? (b) What is the kinetic energy according to classical physics? (c) What is the magnitude of the relativistic momentum of the spaceship?

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Galaxy Velocity Addition Galaxy G1 is moving directly away from Earth at a speed of 0.50c. Another galaxy, G2, is also moving directly away from Earth but in the opposite direction at a speed of 0.40c (see Figure 30-18). What speed would an observer on galaxy G2 measure for the motion of G1?

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Redshift Galaxy M101 First discovered in 1781, one of the most beautiful galaxies is M101, pictured in Figure 30-20. This galaxy is about 27 million light years from us. It is moving away from us with a speed of 241 km/s. Calculate the redshift parameter z using both the exact and approximate expressions. If hydrogen light with spectral line wavelength 486.13 nm is emitted by the galaxy, what will be the observed wavelength when received at Earth?

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Gravitational Time Dilation Near a Dwarf Star Say 100.000 s passes on a clock that is in flat space-time, far away from any masses. What time passes on a clock near the surface of a white dwarf star with a mass of 1.800 00×〖10〗^30 kg and a radius of 6.100 00 ×〖10〗^6 m?

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GPS Relativistic Corrections The GPS satellites make one orbit around Earth in one-half of a sidereal day. A sidereal (star-based) day is approximately 23 h and 56 min. Find the radius of the orbit of a GPS satellite, assuming that the orbit is circular. What is the orbital speed of a GPS satellite relative to the centre of Earth? Calculate the amount per solar day by which a GPS satellite clock differs from a clock on Earth due to special relativistic time dilation. State any assumptions you make for this calculation. Calculate the amount per solar day by which a GPS satellite clock differs from a clock on Earth due to gravitational time dilation.

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Thought Experiment Justification of Gravitational Redshift (a) Mathematically develop the falling elevator thought experiment to obtain an expression for gravitational redshift. (b) Use a series expansion to approximate the gravitational redshift for weakly curved space-time. (c) Use a series expansion for Equation 30-52 valid when the square root is only slightly less than one. Show that this is equal to the result you obtained in part (b).

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Stuck truck While trying to free a dump truck stuck in the mud, you notice that all four wheels are spinning at approximately 10.0 rev/s and that the truck is moving forward at 5.00 m/s. The diameter of the wheels is 1.50 m. (a) Calculate the velocity, with respect to the ground, of the point on the tire that is in contact with the ground. (b) Calculate the velocity of the centre of mass of the tire with respect to the ground. (c) Determine the velocity of a point at the top of a wheel.

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The Yo-Yo A yo-yo consists of a disk with a string wound around it, as shown in Figure 9-11(a). Derive an expression for the acceleration of the yo-yo and the tension in the string as the string unwinds and the yo-yo rolls down vertically downward.

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