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The Henry’s law constant Ki for CO2 in water is 1.67 x 108 Pa (Pa = pascal; 1 bar = 105 Pa) at some particular temperature. If the pressure of CO2 in equilibrium with water were 1.00 106 Pa (which equals 10 bar, or about 10 atm) at that temperature, what is the mole fraction of CO2 in the solution? Can you estimate the molarity of the CO2 solution?
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Organic Chemistry
Use equation 7.39 to justify the effect on solubility for a compound if the temperature is increased. Assume that the temperature is lower than the melting point of the pure solute.
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Organic Chemistry
For a temperature-composition phase diagram of a two-component solid solution, how many degrees of freedom are necessary to describe the system in the following cases. • The system is completely solid. • b. There is equilibrium between solid and liquid phases. • In each case, suggest what variables the degrees of freedom might be.
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Organic Chemistry
Identify the number of components and phases that exist in each system. Assume no component other than the ones given exists in each system. a. A system containing ice and water b. A 50 : 50 solution of water and ethanol, C2H5OH c. A pressurized tank of carbon dioxide that contains both liquid and gas d. A bomb calorimeter containing a pellet of benzoic acid, C6H5COOH (s), and 25.0 bar of O2 gas e. The same bomb calorimeter after the explosion, in which the benzoic acid is converted to CO2 (g) and H2O (l), and assuming excess oxygen
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Organic Chemistry
Determine whether the chemical potentials of the two phases listed are the same or different. If they are different, state which one is lower than the other. a. Liquid mercury, Hg (l), or solid mercury, Hg (s), at its normal melting point of -38.9°C b. H2O (l) or H2O (g) at 99°C and 1 atm c. H2O (l) or H2O (g) at 100°C and 1 atm d. H2O (l) or H2O (g) at 101°C and 1 atm e. Solid lithium chloride, LiCl, or gaseous LiCl at 2000°C and normal pressure (The boiling point of LiCl is about 1350°C.) f. Oxygen, O2, or ozone, O3, at STP
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Organic Chemistry
Calculate the change in entropy for the following phase transitions. a. One mole of mercury liquid, Hg, freezes at its normal melting point of -38.9°C. The heat of fusion of mercury is 2.33 kJ/mol b. One mole of carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, vaporizes at its normal boiling point of 77.0°C. The heat of vaporization of carbon tetrachloride is 29.89 kJ/mol
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Organic Chemistry
The vapor pressure of mercury at 536 K is 103 torr. Estimate the normal boiling point of mercury, where the vapor pressure is 760 torr. The heat of vaporization of mercury is 58.7 kJ/mol.
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Organic Chemistry
Estimate the pressure necessary to make diamond from graphite at a temperature of 2298 K, that is, with ∆T = (2298 - 298) K = 2000 K. (This conversion was first achieved industrially by General Electric in 1955.) Use the following information: C (s, graphite) C (s, diamond) ¬¬¬ s ̅(J/K) 5.69 2.43 V ̅(L) 4.41 x 10-3 3.41 x 10-3
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Organic Chemistry
